SS-31

A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide that selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, studied for effects on mitochondrial cristae structure, ATP production, and oxidative stress. Evaluated in multiple clinical trials. It is also referred to as Elamipretide. It is listed here under Cognitive / Longevity as educational reference, which is not a recommendation to use it.

Investigational. This substance is under study in humans, typically under a regulatory authorization such as an Investigational New Drug application. Investigational describes a stage of research and nothing more: it does not mean approval is coming, and it does not indicate that effectiveness has been established.

~2 h, subcutaneous or IV. A half-life is an educational pharmacology figure describing how long the body takes to clear half of a substance. It is not a schedule and does not imply one.

Lyophilized powder kept frozen or refrigerated and protected from light; reconstituted solutions refrigerated, used within a limited window. Storage conditions come from a manufacturer's own label where one exists, and a compound with no approved label has no agency-reviewed handling instructions at all.

Commonly listed vial strengths are 10, 50 mg. A vial strength is a market fact about how a product is packaged. It is not a dose, and it says nothing about how much of anything belongs in any person.